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[饲养常识] 为什么白色迷你雪纳瑞是不被认可的?

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发表于 2008-5-17 18:24:34 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

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Why Not White Miniature Schnauzers?
为什么白色迷你雪纳瑞是不被认可的?
We frequently receive questions about white Miniature Schnauzers. Very often they have been advertised as a "rare" form of the breed. The Canadian and American Breed Standards both say that white is a disqualifying fault. That is to say, it automatically disqualifies a dog from being shown in conformation in North America. While it is true that some other versions of the Breed Standard allow white, we in Canada and the USA use our own Standards as the guideline for the breed's development here.
我们经常会收到一些关于白色迷你雪纳瑞的问题,而白色迷你雪纳瑞也经常被作为一个所谓的稀有品种而大做广告,。对于白色来说,加拿大和美国的犬种标准理都认为这是不被认可的。这就是说,在整个北美洲,白色迷你雪纳瑞自动得失去了成为赛级犬的可能。然而,同样值得关注的是,也有一些犬种标准是接受白色迷你雪纳瑞的。在这里,我们这些在加拿大和美国的业内人士谨用我们自己的标准作为犬种发展的方针指南。
Responsible breeders work towards the improvement of the breed. They respect the Standard as the "blueprint" of what the breed is designed to be, and within that framework, they develop their own "lines", or "recognizable type". Breeders who deliberately depart from the Standard do so for their own reasons, just as some will deliberately breed crosses to other breeds. While some may legitimately seek to develop "new" breeds, or have a preference for other Standards, some have other motivations. Beware of anyone who suggests that these crosses or "rare" departures from the Standard are in any way more "valuable".
有责任感的繁殖者们都在为推动犬种改进而努力工作着,他们尊重既有的犬种标准,作为他们发展的蓝本,在此框架之内,他们也发展出自己的“创新的线路”或者“说是可以被公认的类型。”。那些故意从标准的角度出发的繁殖者们也是为自己寻找如此作业的一些理由,只是因为他们自己故意的将一些品种和其他的品种进行交叉。然后,有些人可能恰好发展出一个新的品种,或者是更偏爱起他的标准,或者其他的一些动机。不管从哪方面的意义上来说,我们对于任何建议违背标准而通过交叉繁殖出稀有品种采取堤防的态度都是有价值的。
These following two articles both address the question of white Miniature Schnauzers from a North American perspective.
下面的两篇文章都是从北美洲观点出发的关于白色迷你雪纳瑞的问题的探讨。
白色雪纳瑞
by Catherine McMiIlan
作者:Catherine McMiIlan
Why not white?
为什么不是白色的呢?
According to early German records, some of the founding dogs in the Miniature Schnauzer breed had white or yellow dams. White MS
occurred with frequency during the early years of the breed both in Europe and the US. Many breeds record similar occurrences of "off" colours early in development.
从一些早期的德国人的记载来看,一些迷你雪纳瑞标准的最初的犬只有白色或者黄色的,白色迷你雪纳瑞频繁的出现在早期的欧洲或者美国。在发展的早期,很多犬种也都相似的出现一些不同的颜色。
The breeders who pioneered the Miniature Schnauzer had a specific goal in mind - to produce a smaller version of the well established Standard Schnauzer. To this end crosses with smaller breeds such as the affenspinscher, toy spitz and perhaps poodle were employed. Early litters could record both Miniature Schnauzers and Miniature Pinschers in the same litter. Early pedigrees were informal - type, coat and colour could play as much a determining factor in assigning breed as did the actual pedigree.
那些迷你雪纳瑞的先驱们对于繁殖出比既有的标准雪纳瑞更小的品种充满着特别的兴趣。这种交叉繁殖的最终结果就是选择了一些诸如Affenpinscher艾芬笃宾犬(猴面梗),toy spitz (我不知道中文里面叫什么),也可能是贵宾犬。同样的幼犬,被记录为迷你雪纳瑞和迷你品。早期的血统纪录是比较不太规范的,毛以及颜色可能被作为一个确定的因素来确立一个品种或者作为一个世纪的血统。
As the goal was to produce a miniature version of the Standard some of the traits introduced by those breeds were obviously undesirable. One of these was the colour white. German breeders reported destroying such puppies at birth. If the breed was to advance to its imagined ideal, such dogs indicated a regression of type and were discarded. 为了繁殖出一种源自标准雪纳瑞的迷你品种,哪些品种的某些特性被介入显然是不合时宜的。其中之一,就是白色。据说,德国的繁殖者们在那些幼犬出生的时候就将他们淘汰了。如果一个品种被按照想象随意发展,那么这个品种将意味着衰退甚至消失。
While it can be argued that today's MS might not meet with total approval of breeders from the turn of the century, the MS community has more or less adhered to the original concept - a miniature (albeit glamorized) version of the Standard Schnauzer.世纪之交的今天,虽然迷你雪纳瑞仍然被所有未经认可的繁殖者们的激烈讨论,但是,迷你雪纳纳瑞爱好者们还在或多或少的追随者最初的理念——迷你雪纳瑞源自标准雪纳瑞
Some advocates of the white MS have pointed out that the black & silver MS also has no counterpart in the Standard. This is true, and prevented the recognition of this colour for many years in some countries. However, the black & silver does not represent a dramatic departure from the salt & pepper colour pattern. Furthermore, breeder acceptance through the years came about largely through the realization that this third colour was occurring with varying frequency through important and influential producing lines. It did not try to reenter the breed "through the back door" of puppy mills.
一些白色迷你雪纳瑞的拥护者们指出,黑银色的迷你雪纳瑞也并没有黑银色的标准雪纳瑞作为对应啊。这是事实,而且,为了避免黑银色被认可,在一些国家已经作了很多年的努力。可是,不管如何,黑银色并不是作为椒盐色的生动演绎而出现的,此外,繁殖者们经过很学多年才在较大范围内接受了这个颜色是基于一个事实:对于一些重要的而且具备影响力的繁殖系谱来说,这个第三种颜色的出现是一个通过频繁的交叉改变而出现的后果。这不是够贩子们尽力通过一些特殊手腕实现重新认可一个品种。(这里的狗贩子不是指贩卖狗的人,而是指专门繁殖小狗来出售的人,与breeder的理念是不同的,下面都是一样,不在另外说明)
With the exception of a very few recent European imports who have yet to have any impact on modern successful show lines, the pedigrees of white MS trace, almost to a dog, to puppy mills and commercial breeders.
除了近来的很少的一些欧州的入口以外,那些仍然对一些现代成功的赛级犬系谱有一定的影响,白色迷你雪纳瑞的血统只是对一条犬,一个狗贩子,或者仅是出于商业贸易的目的的繁殖者还有一点意义。(这段翻译的好像不太准确。)
And therein lies a problem. Puppy mills are notorious for issuing fraudulent pedigrees, representing crossbreds as purebred and capitalizing on "rare" colours. It does not take a huge leap to imagine the potential of a Westie cross or two in such a profit motivated setting.
而那其实说了谎言,狗贩子们已经因为欺诈性的血统、讲杂交狗说成纯种狗,或者利用一些稀有的颜色而变得身败名裂。不难想象,一两个西部的交叉繁殖只是基于一个有利可图的动机。
Regardless of the origin of a white MS born today, whether it be of certified European lineage or pet store stock, it is a disqualifying fault. A white MS is no more valuable than an oversize, undersize (micro-mini:?) or monorchid.
不管今天出生的白色迷你雪纳瑞来源于那里,他是否是被证实的欧派的血统或者只是宠物店的一个商品。他都是一个严重的失格。一个白色雪纳瑞并不会比一个体形太大的,或者太小的或者是单睾丸的迷你雪纳瑞具有更大的价值。
To suggest that such colours be allowed in the ring undermines the very essence of what makes a purebred dog.
Unacceptable colours are considered such because they represent crossbreeding or a departure from breed type that is so serious that a dog is considered unfit to represent its breed.
需要说明的是这种白色被接受,将会是对繁殖一个纯种犬的巨大伤害。它之所以被认为是一个无法接受的颜色,是因为他们扮演了一个杂交或者与犬种标准相违背的角色。而这对于一只狗是否还被认为属于他的既有的品种是如此的严肃的事情。
Breed standards come about as a result of history, function and arbitrary decision that some features make a breed - and some do not. In breeds such as the MS, it was recognized that some undesirable colours had the potential to lurk in the genes from the long distant past and these were specifically mentioned in order that there would be no confusion about their undesirability. In other words, white colour was a step backward and had no place in the progress of the breed.
犬种标准的形成是一个历史、功能以及对于是否属于这个犬种的特征的明辨的结果。在犬种标准中,比如迷你雪纳瑞,不被认可的颜色是过去长期潜伏的隐性基因,而且为了让这些不被认可的颜色被混淆,这也被非常明确的提及。换句话说,白色也是一种倒退,对于犬种未来的发展没有任何地位。
If breeds did not adhere to a specific shape, form, and colour range, or if breeders disregarded this blueprint, the breed would degenerate to the point that it would hardly resemble the breed at all.. Selective breeding does not just create breeds - it preserves them as well. This is particularly true of more modern breeds such as our own.
如果一个犬种不在追随他的特殊的外形、体态、色域(被接受的颜色范围),或者如果繁殖者们模式这个规则或者说是计划,犬种将会最终退化到他的相似的品种上。选择性繁殖,不只是创造出品种。而是要尽可能的保持好这个品种。对于更现代的品种来说,这是一个显然意见的事实,譬如我们今天已经拥有的品种。
The majority of breeders have respect for the history and standard of the Miniature Schnauzer and as a result the successful show lines can be considered free of this recessive colour gene.
绝大部分的繁殖者们已经开始重视迷你雪纳瑞的的历史和标准,而且,作为成功繁殖出赛级犬系谱的繁殖者们很容易就看出这是隐性颜色基因的结果。
However, as the few continue to exploit this fault for profit, responsible breeders must be diligent when assessing pedigrees of bitches they service or puppies they acquire. If they don t, a fault that was successfully eliminated 30 years ago could infiltrate North American show lines. A MS recently finished in the USA, and unbeknownst to the owners of her sire - she carries a white great-great grandmother in her pedigree. Time will tell if this and other such crosses will reveal themselves in subsequent generations when their recessive carrying descendants finally meet!
然而,因为极少数人仍然继续利用这样的缺陷来牟利,有责任感的繁殖者们当他们评定用于繁殖的母犬或者获得幼犬的系谱时,他们应该更加细心。如果他们不这样做,一个30年前成功消除的缺陷可能将重新渗透到北美洲的赛级犬系谱里。一个迷你雪纳瑞可能在最近在美国登陆,对于他的拥有者来说——她拥有了一个白色伟大的祖母在他的血统里。时间将会证明,如果他和其他诸如此类的交叉繁殖将会显现在他们自己的下一代里面,因为他们最终将这种隐性基因传递了下去。

Why Not White?
为什么白色迷你雪纳瑞不被认可
by Marcia Feld
作者:Marcia Feld
Why Not White?
by Marcia Feld
First, please understand that any an AKC registration means only that the parents of the dog were also registered with AKC and the validity of that registration depends on the integrity of the persons doing the registering. For instance, a woman in the hospital with a new baby can name any male as the father of that infant. The integrity of the birth certificate depends on her, not the registry. Any dog may be registered with the AKC as long as both of its parents were also AKC registered. That registration says nothing about the quality of the dog. You ask a very legitimate question, why are whites so bad? Let me try to answer that on a very simple level. There is a written definitition of what each breed shall be. That definition dates back to the origin of the breed and is on paper for anyone interested to read. This definition is what makes a Great Dane a Great Dane, a Poodle a Poodle, a Dalmation a Dalmation, etc. etc. etc.. It is not up to each of us to decide that we would like to change each of these breeds because we "like it" or "find it appealing".
首先,请明白,任何一个在akc(美国狗会)注册的犬都只意味着他们的父母双亲也必然在akc(美国狗会)注册的。而注册的有效性依赖于一个人在进行注册的时候的真实性。比如说,一位女士在医院里面诞生了一个婴儿,这个婴儿可能会跟随他父亲的姓。正是的出生证明依赖于这位女士,而不是登机者。只要父母代都是在akc注册的,那么任何一只狗都可能被注册。这个注册说明不能说明这个狗的品质。你问一个非常合理的问题,为什么白色就不好呢,让我尽可能非常简单的告诉你答案:每一个品种都已经被非常清晰的标明了。那些非常精确清晰的数据从一个品种的起源的时候就有了,而这对于任何一个有兴趣了解的人都是白纸黑字的非常明显的。这种精确清晰的标准也让我们知道了大丹为什么是大丹,贵宾为什么是贵宾,大麦町(斑点狗)为什么就是大麦町(斑点狗)等等等等。这不是由我们所决定的,我们也不能因为我们喜欢,或者自以为发现就去改变了一个犬种的标准。
Adhering to these definitions is what retains the individuality of the breed. Breeding to the definition is the challenge for the breeder. A brown Dalmation might be cute - but he is no longer a dal; a tiny Great Dane would be more easily kept - but he is no longer a Great Dane, and a hard coated Poodle would be easier to groom, but he wouldn't be a poodle. And in that same light, a white schnauzer is no longer a schnauzer; he is disqualified because he does not meet the definition of that breed. The little white schnauzer is not "bad". He is simply not a good specimen of the breed. I would suggest that the person who likes a small white terrier seriously consider the purchase of a Westie. (By the way, the Westie wouldn't be a Westie if he were any color other than white.)

而对于这种精确清晰的标准的追随和拥护,也正是每一个犬种还能保持特征的原因所在。对于繁殖者来说,饲养出更接近于这种精确清晰的标准是一种挑战。一个棕色的大麦町可能是很可爱的——但是,他已经不再是一个大麦町,一个小一点的大丹可能更容易饲养——但是,他也不再是大丹。同理,一个白色的雪纳瑞,也将不是一个雪纳瑞,它是失格的,因为他不能符合一个犬种的既有的精确清晰的标准。白色的小雪纳瑞(这里作者已经不说迷你雪纳瑞了),对于只是做为一个繁殖过程中的标本来说,也不算坏。我要建议,那些喜欢白色的小型埂犬的人认真地思考一下,可以考虑购买西部高地白埂(顺便说一下,如果西高不是白色的,那它也就不是细高了)
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-17 18:24:58 | 显示全部楼层
沙发
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-17 18:25:02 | 显示全部楼层
板凳
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发表于 2008-5-17 18:28:09 | 显示全部楼层
我站在墙头看
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发表于 2008-5-17 18:29:51 | 显示全部楼层
那我只有在墙外遥望了。。。
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-17 18:31:40 | 显示全部楼层
让你们学习呢
    没事都玩开杂技了
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发表于 2008-5-17 18:37:55 | 显示全部楼层
我在对面大楼拿望远镜看:Smilies39
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-17 18:42:13 | 显示全部楼层
你你你  才狠了
   都好好学学啊
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发表于 2008-5-17 18:43:23 | 显示全部楼层
我用天文望远镜看
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-17 18:48:03 | 显示全部楼层
越扯越远了
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发表于 2008-5-17 19:57:41 | 显示全部楼层
我用什么看呢?
我还是用眼睛看吧
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-18 22:30:02 | 显示全部楼层
:Smilies18
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发表于 2008-5-18 23:39:03 | 显示全部楼层
:Smilies56
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发表于 2008-5-19 16:05:30 | 显示全部楼层
哇~~这么的长~~
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 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-22 13:58:14 | 显示全部楼层
不能沉下去
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